Klasifikasi virus dapat dibedakan berdasarkan beberapa macam, antara lain berdasarkan morfologi, type dari asam nukleat, cara virus tersebut melakukan replikasi diri, host organism, dan type penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus tersebut.
Baltimore classification
Menurut David Baltimore - seseorang yang mendapatkan nobel dalam bidang biologi - bakteri dikelompokkan menjadi 7 grup atau golongan. Klasifikasi ini berdasarkan kombinasi asam nuklet mereka, strandedness dari virus tersebut ( double stranded atau single stranded ), cara replikasi mereka.
Tujuh grup dari virus menurut David Baltimore adalah :
- Grup I : double-stranded DNA viruses
- Grup II : single-stranded DNA viruses
- Grup III : double-stranded RNA viruses
- Grup IV : positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
- Grup V : negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
- Grup VI : reverse transcribing Diploid single-stranded RNA viruses
- Grup p VII : reverse transcribing Circular double-stranded DNA viruses
Grup I - dsDNA viruses (double stranded DNA)
- Order Caudovirales (tailed bacteriophages).
- Family Myoviridae - e.g. Enterobacteria phage T4
- Family Podoviridae
- Family Siphoviridae - e.g. Enterobacteria phage λ
- Unassigned
- Family Ascoviridae
- Family Adenoviridae
- Family Asfiviridae
- Family Baculoviridae
- Family Corticoviridae
- Family Fuselloviridae
- Family Guttaviridae
- Family Herpesviridae - e.g. Human herpseviruses
- Family Iridoviridae
- Family Lipothrixviridae
- Family Nimaviridae
- Family Papillomaviridae
- Family Phycodnaviridae
- Family Plasmaviridae
- Family Polyomaviridae - e.g. Simian virus 40
- Family Poxviridae - e.g. Cowpox virus, Variola virus (smallpox)
- Family Rudiviridae
- Family Tectiviridae
- Unassigned genera
- Mimivirus; type species: Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus
Group II - ssDNA viruses (single stranded DNA)
- Unassigned bacteriophages
- Family Inoviridae
- Family Microviridae
- Unassigned viruses
- Family Geminiviridae
- Family Circoviridae
- Family Nanoviridae
- Family Parvoviridae - e.g. Parvovirus B19 (most depend on coinfection with adenoviruses for growth)
- Unassigned genera
- Anellovirus ; type species: Torque teno virus
Group III - dsRNA viruses (double stranded RNA)
- Family Birnaviridae
- Family Chrysoviridae
- Family Cystoviridae
- Family Hypoviridae
- Family Partitiviridae
- Family Reoviridae - e.g Rotavirus
- Family Totiviridae
- Unassigned genera
- Endornavirus ; type species: Vicia faba endornavirus
Group IV - (+)ssRNA viruses (positive single stranded RNA or mRNA like)
- Order Nidovirales ("Nested" Viruses)
- Family Arteriviridae
- Family Coronaviridae - e.g. Coronavirus
- Family Roniviridae
- Unassigned
- Family Astroviridae
- Family Barnaviridae
- Family Bromoviridae
- Family Caliciviridae - e.g. Norwalk virus
- Family Closteroviridae
- Family Comoviridae
- Family Dicistroviridae
- Family Flaviviridae - e.g. Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Hepatitis C virus
- Family Flexiviridae
- Family Hepeviridae - e.g. Hepatitis E virus
- Family Leviviridae
- Family Luteoviridae
- Family Marnaviridae
- Family Narnaviridae - naked RNA viruses
- Family Nodaviridae
- Family Picornaviridae - e.g. Poliovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A virus
- Family Potyviridae
- Family Sequiviridae
- Family Tetraviridae
- Family Togaviridae - e.g. Rubella virus
- Family Tombusviridae
- Family Tymoviridae
- Unassigned genera
- Genus Benyvirus ; type species: Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
- Genus Cheravirus ; type species: Cherry rasp leaf virus
- Genus Furovirus ; type species: Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus
- Genus Hordeivirus ; type species: Barley stripe mosaic virus
- Genus Idaeovirus ; type species: Raspberry bushy dwarf virus
- Genus Machlomovirus ; type species: Maize chlorotic mottle virus
- Genus Ourmiavirus ; type species: Ourmia melon virus
- Genus Pecluvirus ; type species: Peanut clump virus
- Genus Pomovirus ; type species: Potato mop-top virus
- Genus Sadwavirus ; type species; Satsuma dwarf virus
- Genus Sobemovirus ; type species: Southern bean mosaic virus
- Genus Tobamovirus ; type species: Tobacco mosaic virus
- Genus Tobravirus ; type species: Tobacco rattle virus
- Genus Umbravirus ; type species: Carrot mottle virus
Group V - (-)ssRNA viruses (negative single-stranded RNA)
- Order Mononegavirales (non-segmented negative stranded viruses)
- Family Bornaviridae - Borna disease virus
- Family Filoviridae - Ebola viruses, Marburg virus
- Family Paramyxoviridae - e.g. Measles virus, Mumps virus
- Family Rhabdoviridae - e.g. Rabies virus
- Segmented negative stranded viruses
- Family Arenaviridae
- Family Bunyaviridae - e.g. Hantavirus
- Family Orthomyxoviridae - Influenza viruses
- Unassigned genera:
- Genus Deltavirus; type species: Hepatitis delta virus
- Genus Ophiovirus ; type species: Citrus psorosis virus
- Genus Tenuivirus ; type species: Rice stripe virus
- Genus Varicosavirus ; type species: Lettuce big-vein associated virus
- Family Metaviridae
- Family Pseudoviridae
- Family Retroviridae - Retroviruses, e.g. HIV 1
- Family Hepadnaviridae - e.g. Hepatitis B virus
- Family Caulimoviridae - e.g. Cauliflower mosaic virus
LHT System of Virus Classification
Sistem pengelompokan virus menurut LHT system berdasarkan dari karakter kimia maupun fisik dari asam nukleat virus, struktur simetri, ada tidaknya amplop, diameter dari kapsid, dan juga nomor dari kapsomer.
Klasifikasi ini adalah :
Ø Phylum Vira(divided into 2 subphyla)
Ø Subphylum Deoxyvira(DNA viruses)
Ø Class Deoxybinala(dual symmetry)
Ø Order Uroviridae
Ø Family Phagoviridae
Ø Class Deoxyhelica(Helical symmetry)
Ø Order Chitovirales
Ø Family Poxviridae
Ø Class Deoxycubica(cubical symmetry)
Ø Order Peplovirales
Ø Family Herpesviridae(162 capsomeres)
Ø Order Haplovirales(no envelope)
Ø Family Iridoviridae(812 capsomeres)
Ø Family Adenoviridae(252 capsomeres)
Ø Family Papiloviridae(72 capsomeres)
Ø Family Paroviridae(32 capsomeres)
Ø Family Microviridae(12 capsomeres)
Ø Subphylum Ribovira(RNA viruses)
Ø Class Ribocubica
Ø Order Togovirales
Ø Family Arboviridae
Ø Order Lymovirales
Ø Family Napoviridae
Ø Family Reoviridae
Ø Class Ribohelica
Ø Order Sagovirales
Ø Family Stomataviridae
Ø Family Paramyxoviridae
Ø Family Myxoviridae
Ø Order Rbadovirales
Ø Suborder Felxiviridales
Ø Family Mesoviridae
Ø Family Peptoviridae
Ø Suborder Rigidovirales
Ø Family Pachyviridae
Ø Family Protoviridae
Ø Family Polichoviridae
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